Peat reduction in horticulture - an overview of Europe

For decades, peat has been the main component of horticultural growing media. However, peat extraction and use are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Peat extraction also contributes to changes in natural habitats. Therefore, initiatives to halt peat extraction and substitute a significant proportion of peat with alternative substrates have been accelerated in Europe over the last decade. These initiatives gained momentum, building upon the initial impetus from the biodiversity driver, followed by the necessity to address climate change. Several organic materials, such as bark, wood fibers, coir and other coir-based products and green compost, are suitable alternatives to peat. In addition, other novel materials that are sometimes locally available or from paludiculture have recently been tested. However, a general peat reduction in growing media is linked to difficulties concerning the supply of materials, increased prices, and quality characteristics of peat alternatives. Here, we provide an overview of European national initiatives, frameworks and measures undertaken for this transformation.