Coastal management: Adaptation and resilience of coastal ecosystems to environmental change

Coastal systems are increasingly challenged by anthropogenic pressures. Both social and ecological systems are vulnerable to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts. Adaptive measures are important to increase the resilience of the coastal social-ecological system. This chapter provides an overview of the adaptive measures from six selected country sites in the EuroAsian continent, with the focus on monitoring, sustainable fisheries, nature-based solutions, marine spatial monitoring and awareness-raising. However, the adaptive measures that focus on coastal waters alone are not sufficient, and it is important to combine the coastal adaptive measures with the management of land/terrestrial areas.