Recommendations and technical specifications for sustainable surveillance of zoonotic pathogens where wildlife is implicated

Ascience-based participatory processguided by EFSA identified10 priority zoonotic pathogens for futureOne Healthsurveillancein Europe:highly pathogenic avian influenza, swine influenza, West Nile disease, tick-borne-encephalitis, echinococcosis, Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, hepatitis E, Lyme disease, Q-fever, Rift Valley fever. Themain aim of this report is to formulate recommendations and technical specifications for sustainable coordinated One healthsurveillance for early detection of these zoonotic pathogens where wildlife is implicated. For this purpose: (i) first,  we  reviewed  the cornerstones  of  integrated  wildlife  monitoring  that  are  applicable  to zoonotic  disease  surveillance  in  wildlife  under  OH  surveillance  in  the  EU;(ii) we  analysed  the characteristics  of  the  main  wildlife  groups  and  the  selected  pathogens  relevant  to  surveillance aimed  at  early  detection,  and  integrated  with  other  health  compartments;(iii)weproposed general recommendations for the first steps of sustainable wildlife zoonotic disease surveillance in the EU, and(iv) specific recommendations of surveillanceaimed at risk based early detection of pathogens in the main wild species groups.We finally proposed (iv) a frameworkfor integrating animal  disease  surveillance  components  (wildlife,  domestic,  environment)  for  early  detection under OH approach.