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The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae: A profile update

Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Javed, Muhammad Asim;
Affiliation
Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
Schwelm, Arne;
GND
1058931261
Affiliation
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Germany
Zamani-Noor, Nazanin;
Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Salih, Rasha;
Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Silvestre Vañó, Marina;
Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Wu, Jiaxu;
Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
González García, Melaine;
Affiliation
Department of Agroecology, Crop Health, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
Heick, Thies Marten;
Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
Luo, Chaoyu;
Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Namakkal, India
Prakash, Priyavashini;
Affiliation
Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Pérez‐López, Edel

Background: Plasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous plants and one of the biggest threats to the rapeseed (Brassica napus) and brassica vegetable industry worldwide.
Disease symptoms: In the advanced stages of clubroot disease wilting, stunting, yellowing, and redness are visible in the shoots. However, the typical symptoms of the disease are the presence of club-shaped galls in the roots of susceptible hosts that block the absorption of water and nutrients.
Host range: Members of the family Brassicaceae are the primary host of the pathogen, although some members of the family, such as Bunias orientalis, Coronopus squamatus, and Raphanus sativus, have been identified as being consistently resistant to P. brassicae isolates with variable virulence profile.
Taxonomy: Class: Phytomyxea; Order: Plasmodiophorales; Family: Plasmodiophoraceae; Genus: Plasmodiophora; Species: Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin, 1877).
Distribution: Clubroot disease is spread worldwide, with reports from all continents except Antarctica. To date, clubroot disease has been reported in more than 80 countries.
Pathotyping: Based on its virulence on different hosts, P. brassicae is classified into pathotypes or races. Five main pathotyping systems have been developed to understand the relationship between P. brassicae and its hosts. Nowadays, the Canadian clubroot differential is extensively used in Canada and has so far identified 36 different pathotypes based on the response of a set of 13 hosts.
Effectors and resistance: After the identification and characterization of the clubroot pathogen SABATH-type methyltransferase PbBSMT, several other effectors have been characterized. However, no avirulence gene is known, hindering the functional characterization of the five intercellular nucleotide-binding (NB) site leucine-rich- repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) clubroot resistance genes validated to date.
Important Link: Canola Council of Canada is constantly updating information about clubroot and P. brassicae as part of their Canola Encyclopedia: https://www.canol acoun cil.org/canol a-encyc loped ia/disea ses/clubr oot/.
Phytosanitary categorization: PLADBR: EPPO A2 list; Annex designation 9E.

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