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Iron plaque formation, characteristics, and its role as a barrier and/or facilitator to heavy metal uptake in hydrophyte rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Affiliation
Yibin University, International Faculty of Applied Technology, People’s Republic of China ; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, People’s Republic of China
Zandi, Peiman;
Affiliation
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, People’s Republic of China
Yang, Jianjun;
Affiliation
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, People’s Republic of China ; Bayero University, Department of Biological Sciences, Nigeria
Darma, Aminu;
GND
120677695
Affiliation
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Germany
Bloem, Elke;
Affiliation
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, People’s Republic of China
Xia, Xing;
Affiliation
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, People’s Republic of China
Wang, Yaosheng;
Affiliation
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, People’s Republic of China
Li, Qian;
GND
1024299236
Affiliation
Technical University of Braunschweig, Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Plant Biology, Germany
Schnug, Ewald

The persistent bioavailability of toxic metal(oids) (TM) is undeniably the leading source of serious environmental problems. Through the transfer of these contaminants into food networks, sediments and the aquatic environmental pollution by TM serve as key routes for potential risks to soil and human health. The formation of iron oxyhydroxide plaque (IP) on the root surface of hydrophytes, particularly rice, has been linked to the impact of various abiotic and biotic factors. Radial oxygen loss has been identified as a key driver for the oxidation of rhizosphere ferrous iron (Fe2+) and its subsequent precipitation as low-to-high crystalline and/or amorphous Fe minerals on root surfaces as IP. Considering that each plant species has its unique capability of creating an oxidised rhizosphere under anaerobic conditions, the abundance of rhizosphere Fe2+, functional groups from organic matter decomposition and variations in binding capacities of Fe oxides, thus, impacting the mobility and interaction of several contaminants as well as toxic/non-toxic metals on the specific surface areas of the IP. More insight from wet extraction and advanced synchrotron-based analytical techniques has provided further evidence on how IP formation could significantly affect the fate of plant physiology and biomass production, particularly in contaminated settings. Collectively, this information sets the stage for the possible implementation of IP and related analytical protocols as a strategic framework for the management of rice and other hydrophytes, particularly in contaminated sceneries. Other confounding variables involved in IP formation, as well as operational issues related to some advanced analytical processes, should be considered.

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