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On genetic diversity in caraway: Genotyping of a large germplasm collection

GND
1172217637
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Germany
von Maydell, Daniel;
GND
117145029X
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Germany
Lehnert, Heike;
GND
1172920559
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Germany
Berner, Thomas;
GND
1059150476
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Germany
Klocke, Evelyn;
Zugehörigkeit
Dr. Junghanns GmbH, Aschersleben, Groß-Schierstedt, Germany
Junghanns, Wolfram;
GND
1013858662
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Germany
Keilwagen, Jens;
GND
173016197
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Germany
Marthe, Frank

Caraway (Carum carvi) is a widespread and frequently used spice and medicinal plant with a long history of cultivation. However, due to ongoing climatic changes, the cultivation is becoming increasingly risky. To secure caraway cultivation in future, timely breeding efforts to develop adapted material are necessary. Analysis of genetic diversity can accompany this process, for instance, by revealing untapped gene pools. Here, we analyzed 137 accessions using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Hence, we can report a broad overview of population structure and genetic diversity of caraway. Population structure was determined using a principal coordinate analysis, a Bayesian clustering analysis, phylogenetic trees and a neighbor network based on 13,155 SNPs. Genotypic data indicate a clear separation of accessions into two subpopulations, which correlates with the flowering type (annual vs. biennial). Four winter-annual accessions were closer related to biennial accessions. In an analysis of molecular variance, genetic variation between the two subpopulations was 7.84%. In addition, we estimated the genome size for 35 accessions by flow cytometry. An average genome size of 4.282 pg/2C (± 0.0096 S.E.) was estimated. Therefore, we suggest a significantly smaller genome size than stated in literature.

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