Animal models for COVID-19

Muñoz-Fontela, César; Dowling, William E.; Funnell, Simon G. P.; Gsell, Pierre-S.; Balta, Ximena Riveros; Albrecht, Randy A.; Andersen, Hanne; Baric, Ralph S.; Carroll, Miles W.; Cavaleri, Marco; Qin, Chuan; Crozier, Ian; Dallmeier, Kai; de Waal, Leon; de Wit, Emmie; Delang, Leen; Dohm, Erik; Duprex, W. Paul; Falzarano, Darryl; Finch, Courtney L.; Frieman, Matthew B.; Graham, Barney S.; Gralinski, Lisa; Guilfoyle, Kate; Haagmans, Bart L.; Hamilton, Geraldine A.; Hartman, Amy L.; Herfst, Sander; Kaptein, Suzanne J. F.; Klimstra, William; Knezevic, Ivana; Krause, Phillip R.; Kuhn, Jens H.; Le Grand, Roger; Lewis, Mark; Liu, Wen-Chun; Maisonnasse, Pauline; McElroy, Anita K.; Munster, Vincent; Oreshkova, Nadia; Rasmussen, Angela L.; Rocha-Pereira, Joana; Rockx, Barry; Rodríguez, Estefanía; Rogers, Thomas; Salguero, Francisco J.; Schotsaert, Michael; Stittelaar, Koert; Jan Thibaut, Hendrik; Tseng, Chien-Te; Vergara-Alert, Júlia; Beer, Martin; Brasel, Trevor; Chan, Jasper F. W.; García-Sastre, Adolfo; Neyts, Johan; Perlman, Stanley; Reed, Douglas S.; Richt, Juergen A.; Roy, Chad J.; Segalés, Joaquim; Vasan, Seshadri S.; Henao-Restrepo, Ana María; Barouch, Dan H.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging respiratory infection caused by introduction of a novel coronavirus into humans in late 2019 in China's Hubei province. As of September 11, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 215 countries, has infected more than 28 million people, and has caused more than 910,000 deaths. Since humans do not have pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutics and vaccines to mitigate the current pandemic and to prevent the re-emergence of COVID-19 in the future. In February 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) assembled an international panel of experts to develop animal models for COVID-19 to accelerate testing of vaccines and therapeutics. This review summarizes the findings to date and provides relevant information for preclinical testing of COVID-19 vaccine candidates and therapeutics.

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