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Development of a Non-Meat-Based, Mass Producible and Effective Bait for Oral Vaccination of Dogs against Rabies in Goa State, India

ORCID
0000-0002-4641-2583
Zugehörigkeit
Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset BH21 5PZ, UK. andy@missionrabies.com.
Gibson, Andrew D;
Zugehörigkeit
Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset BH21 5PZ, UK. stella.mazeri@roslin.ed.ac.uk.
Mazeri, Stella;
ORCID
0000-0002-8953-7167
Zugehörigkeit
Mission Rabies, Tonca, Miramar, Panjim, Goa 403002, India. gowri@missionrabies.com.
Yale, Gowri;
Zugehörigkeit
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Government of Goa, Panjim, Goa 403001, India. dir-ahvs.goa@nic.in.
Desai, Santosh;
Zugehörigkeit
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Government of Goa, Panjim, Goa 403001, India. kanishk3319@gmail.com.
Naik, Vilas;
Zugehörigkeit
Mission Rabies, Tonca, Miramar, Panjim, Goa 403002, India. julie@missionrabies.com.
Corfmat, Julie;
Zugehörigkeit
IDT Biologika GmbH, 06861 Dessau, Rosslau, Germany. Steffen.Ortmann@idt-biologika.de.
Ortmann, Steffen;
Zugehörigkeit
Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA. alasdair.king@merck.com.
King, Alasdair;
GND
1019642904
Zugehörigkeit
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany. Thomas.Mueller@fli.de.
Müller, Thomas;
Zugehörigkeit
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ian.handel@ed.ac.uk.
Handel, Ian;
ORCID
0000-0002-3271-8485
Zugehörigkeit
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. mark.bronsvoort@roslin.ed.ac.uk.
Bronsvoort, Berend MdeC;
Zugehörigkeit
Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset BH21 5PZ, UK. luke@missionrabies.com.
Gamble, Luke;
ORCID
0000-0002-3467-7007
Zugehörigkeit
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. Richard.Mellanby@ed.ac.uk.
Mellanby, Richard J;
Zugehörigkeit
IDT Biologika GmbH, 06861 Dessau, Rosslau, Germany. Ad.Vos@idt-biologika.de.
Vos, Ad

Introduction: To achieve the global goal of canine-mediated human rabies elimination by 2030 there is an urgent need to scale-up mass dog vaccination activities in regions with large dog populations that are difficult to access; a common situation in much of India. Oral rabies vaccination may enable the vaccination of free-roaming dogs that are inaccessible to parenteral vaccination, and is considered a promising complementary measure to parenteral mass dog vaccination campaigns. WHO and OIE have published detailed minimum requirements for rabies vaccines and baits to be used for this purpose, requiring that baits must not only be well-accepted by the target population but must also efficiently release the vaccine in the oral cavity. For oral rabies vaccination approaches to be successful, it is necessary to develop baits which have a high uptake by the target population, are culturally accepted and amenable to mass production. The aim of this study was to compare the interest and uptake rates of meat-based and an egg-based prototype bait constructs by free roaming dogs in Goa, India. Methods: Three teams randomly distributed two prototype baits; an egg-flavoured bait and a commercial meat dog food (gravy) flavoured bait. The outcomes of consumption were recorded and compared between baits and dog variables. Results: A total of 209 egg-bait and 195 gravy-bait distributions were recorded and analysed. No difference (p = 0.99) was found in the percentage of dogs interested in the baits when offered. However, significantly more dogs consumed the egg-bait than the gravy-bait; 77.5% versus 68.7% (p = 0.04). The release of the blue-dyed water inside the sachet in the oral cavity of the animals was significant higher in the dogs consuming an egg-bait compared to the gravy-bait (73.4% versus 56.7%, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The egg-based bait had a high uptake amongst free roaming dogs and also enabled efficient release of the vaccine in the oral cavity, whilst also avoiding culturally relevant materials of bovine or porcine meat products.

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