The effector protein AvrRpt2EA from Erwinia amylovora induces salicylic acid response in apple

GND
128593652
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden-Pillnitz , Germany
Flachowsky, Henryk;
GND
1024798933
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden-Pillnitz , Germany
Schröpfer, Susan;
GND
129256323
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
Böttcher, Christoph;
GND
142510254
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden-Pillnitz , Germany
Wöhner, Thomas;
GND
1059141744
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
Richter, Klaus;
Zugehörigkeit
USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, U.S.A.
Norelli, John;
Zugehörigkeit
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
Rikkerink, Erik;
GND
1059103400
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden-Pillnitz , Germany
Hanke, Magda-Viola

The AvrRpt2EA effector protein of Erwinia amylovora is important for pathogen recognition in the fire blight-resistant crabapple Malus × robusta 5; however, little is known about its role in susceptible apples. To study its function in planta, we expressed a plant-optimized version of AvrRpt2EA driven by a heat shock-inducible promoter in transgenic plants of the fire blight-susceptible cultivar Pinova. After induced expression of AvrRpt2EA, transgenic lines showed shoot necrosis and browning of older leaves, with symptoms similar to natural fire blight infections. Transgenic expression of this effector protein resulted in an increase in the expression of the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive PR-1 gene but, also, in the levels of SA and its derivatives, with diverse kinetics in leaves of different ages. In contrast, no increase of expression levels of VSP2 paralogs, used as marker genes for the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense pathway, could be detected, which is in agreement with metabolic profiling of JA and its derivatives. Our work demonstrates that AvrRpt2EA acts as a virulence factor and induces the formation of SA and SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance.

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