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Powdery mildew of Chrysanthemum × morifolium: phylogeny and taxonomy in the context of Golovinomyces species on Asteraceae hosts

Zugehörigkeit
University of Washington, Center for Urban Horticulture, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, Wa, 98195, USA
Bradshaw, Michael;
Zugehörigkeit
Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Institutsbereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
Braun, Uwe;
GND
1182046916
Zugehörigkeit
Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst, Braunschweig, Deutschland
Götz, Monika;
Zugehörigkeit
Mie University, Department of Bioresources, Graduate School, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
Meeboon, Jamjan;
Zugehörigkeit
Mie University, Department of Bioresources, Graduate School, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
Takamatsu, Susumu

The taxonomic history of the common powdery mildew of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (chrysanthemum, Florist’s daisy), originally described in Germany as Oidium chrysanthemi, is discussed. The position of O. chrysanthemi was investigated on the basis of morphological traits and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Based on the results of this study, this species, which is closely related to Golovinomyces artemisae, was reassessed and reallocated to Golovinomyces. The phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic reassessment of the chrysanthemum powdery mildew is supplemented by a morphological description, a summary of its worldwide distribution data, and a brief discussion of the introduction of this fungus to North America. G. chrysanthemi differs from true G. artemisiae in that it has much longer conidiophores, is not constricted at the base, and has much larger and most importantly longer conidia. The close affinity of Golovinomyces to Artemisia and Chrysanthemum species signifies a co-evolutionary event between the powdery mildews concerned and their host species in the subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae tribe Anthemideae). This conclusion is fully supported by the current phylogeny and taxonomy of the host plant genera and the co-evolution that occurred with the host and pathogen. The following powdery mildew species, which are associated with hosts belonging to the tribe Anthemideae of the Asteraceae, are epitypified: Alphitomorpha depressa β artemisiae (≡ Alphitomorpha artemisiae), Erysiphe artemisiae, and Oidium chrysanthemi. Erysiphe macrocarpa is neotypified. Their sequences were retrieved from the epitype collections and have been added to the phylogenetic tree. Golovinomyces orontii, an additional powdery mildew species on Chrysanthemum ×morifolium, is reported. This species is rarely found as a spontaneous infection and was obtained from inoculation experiments.

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