Elucidation of colonization time and prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species during turkey rearing using multiplex polymerase chain reaction

Two turkey flocks (male and female) and the environment of their house were investigated for the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter. Sample DNA was extracted directly from fecal material and environmental samples. Bacterial identification was done using a modified Campylobacter species specific multiplex PCR. The times needed for colonization and prevalence in male and female turkeys were determined independently. All environmental samples collected before restocking were negative in the PCR analysis, showing a good hygiene and biosecurity system. The first positive PCR results were obtained in drinking water samples at 6 d of age. Colonization occurred between the second and third week of age, starting in female birds and then followed by the males. Campylobacter jejuni was detected by multiplex PCR at first; later on, Campylobacter coli and mixtures of both were seen. After the 9 wk of age, the colonization of the flocks was completed. Great attention should be given to drinking water as a supposed source of Campylobacter contamination. Multiplex PCR proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and cheap tool for the diagnosis of Campylobacter contamination.